![]() ![]() The three best-known runic alphabets are the Elder Futhark (around 150 to 800 AD), the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc (400 to 1100 AD), and the Younger Futhark (800–1100). Until the early 20th century runes were used in rural Sweden for decoration purposes in Dalarna and on Runic calendars. However, the use of runes persisted for specialized purposes in Northern Europe. The characters were generally replaced by the Latin alphabet as the cultures that had used runes underwent Christianization by around A.D. The earliest runic inscriptions date from around A.D. Runology forms a specialized branch of Germanic linguistics. Runology is the study of the runic alphabets, runic inscriptions, runestones, and their history. The Scandinavian variants are also known as futhark (or fuþark, derived from their first six letters of the alphabet: F, U, Þ, A, R, and K) the Anglo-Saxon variant is futhorc (due to sound changes undergone in Old English by the same six letters). ![]() ![]() The runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet and for specialized purposes thereafter. Runic Child systems Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon futhorc Sister systems Latin alphabet ISO 15924 Runr Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols.Runic alphabet 1 Runic alphabet Runic Type Alphabet Spoken languages Germanic languages Time period Elder Futhark from the 2nd century AD. ![]()
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